Task 2

Bahasa Inggris 2
 
Name  : Natalia Christina 
NPM   : 14210920
Kelas   : 4EA18

1. Tenses

a. Past Tense  

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time. In languages which have a past tense, it thus provides a grammatical means of indicating that the event being referred to took place in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense include the English verbs sang, went and was.

Formula :Nominal form    => He/She/It + was + complement

=> You/We/They + were + complement

               Verbal form        => I/You/We/They/He/She/It + verb 2 + object/adverb

Example :  She ate mango last week.
                  They played music 2 days ago.

b. Present Tense
 The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time. The term "present tense" is usually used in descriptions of specific languages to refer to a particular grammatical form or set of forms; these may have a variety of uses, not all of which will necessarily refer to present time.

 Formula :  
Nominal form  
 => I/You/We/They + to be (am, are) + complement
 => He/She/It + to be (is) + complement 

Verbal form       
 => I/You/We/They + verb 1 + object/adverb
=> He/She/It + verb 1 + s/es + object/adverb 

Example : 
The sun rises from the east.
I usually go shopping every week.


c. Future Tense
 In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

Formula :  
Nominal form 
 => I/We + will/shall + be + complement 
=> He/She/It/They/You + will + complement 

 Verbal form
=> I/We + will/shall + verb 1 + object/adverb
=> He/She/It/They/You + will + verb 1 + object/adverb

Example : 
She will be at home tomorrow.
The shrimp will be fished by them at the dam.


2. Singular and Plural Nouns
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.
For the plural form of most nouns, add s.

• bottle – bottles
• cup – cups
• pencil – pencils
• desk – desks
• sticker – stickers
• window – windows

For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es.

• box – boxes
• watch – watches
• moss – mosses
• bus – buses

For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

• wolf – wolves
• wife – wives
• leaf – leaves
• life – lives

Some nouns have different plural forms.

• child – children
• woman – women
• man – men
• mouse – mice
• goose – geese

Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

• baby – babies
• toy – toys
• kidney – kidneys
• potato – potatoes
• memo – memos
• stereo – stereos

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

• sheep – sheep
• deer – deer
• series – series
• species – species

3. Pronoun  
Pronoun is a word or form that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form. Common pronouns include he, her, him, I, it, me, she, them, they, us, and we.

a.  Personal pronoun are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it).

Example :

·         He sing a song
·     They play football

b.   Possessive pronoun, include my, mine, our, ours, its, his, her, hers, their, theirs, your, yours, whose, and one's - all words that demonstrate ownership.

Example :

·         Yours are on the chair.

·         Their products are the best for white skin.

c.    Reflexive pronoun, a pronoun that is preceded by the noun, adjective, adverb or pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent) within the same clause. In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence.

Example :

·         Donna didn’t blame herself for the accident.

·         The students ate cookies that they cooked by themselves

Source :
http://tulisbaca.com/past-tense-bahasa-inggris/
http://tensesbahasainggris.com/present-tense
http://if19kaka.blogspot.com/2013/06/singular-and-plural-nouns.html
http://www.bintangbahasa.com/en/e_tenses5_b.html