Post 2

 Verb as Complement

Nama :Natalia Christina
NPM  : 14210920
Kelas  : 4EA18

 

 A verb complement is the arrangement of one verb as the object of another verb. This happens three ways in English:
1. With infinitives
I asked her to leave.
I wanted to leave.
I helped him to leave.
I stopped for the child to cross the street.

2. With gerunds
I considered leaving the job.
I regretted his leaving the job.
They decided on leaving.

3. With noun clauses
I insisted that he leave.
I wondered why he left..
She acknowledged that she had left the job.
He didn’t know that she had left.
She decided when she would leave.

The dictionary marks these verb patterns in bold print followed by pattern sentences. These pattern sentences can help you decide how to arrange the words in a sentence.
For example, the verb recommend shows the following patterns and pattern sentences for the first definition:
recommend that Doctors recommend that all children should be immunized against measles.
recommend doing sth The manufacturers recommend changing the oil after 500 km.
The pattern sentences are important because they give you more ideas about HOW verb patterns are used. Notice that in the pattern sentence for recommend that the verb in the second clause uses the modal "should." In fact this is an indication of how this pattern is used. If you were to write the second sentence The manufacturers recommend changing the oil after 500 km.
using the first pattern, you would use "should": The manufacturers recommend that the oil should be changed after 500 km..
 

Exercise: Look up each of the following verbs and identify the verb patterns. Write the first three words of the pattern sentence for each verb pattern. Note: some verbs have several different verb patterns depending on the meaning.
1. understand
2. note
3. appreciate
4. mean

sumber :
 http://public.wsu.edu/~mejia/Verb_3.htm

Introducing myself

Introducing my self..

Nama : Natalia Christina
NPM  : 14210920
Kelas  : 4EA18


Hi. My name is Natalia. But my friend call me Nat or Nata. Now, I studied in Gunadarma University and this is my last years before I graduate from my collage to be an Economic Bachelor soon, Amien..

I want to explain about me. I'm a fairly firm and very optimistic. I'm glad to get acquainted with new people. I have several friends who are always there when happy and sad. I don't like stalling for time. And i'm really appreciate people who can take responsibility. Sometimes I like a crybaby if there is problem that is hard to follow. But my friends are always there for me. They always give support when im falling.

Last but not least, I always believe in this words "The best things in life are free. The second best are very expensive." - COCO CHANEL. I take it as a motivation words to always appreciate and thankful with the opportunity given by the God. :)

Elliptical Sentences

Elliptical Sentences

Nama : Natalia Christina
NPM  : 14210920
Kelas  : 4EA18


Ellipsis means leaving something out. Elliptical sentence is a shorter form of sentence which some words have been omitted, but it retains the same meaning. It is used so that we can avoid unnecessary repeated words.

It is noticeable that elliptical sentences are used quite common in some contexts as:

In normal conversation

• A: Where are you going? B: To school. (= I am going to school.)
• A: Ready? (= Are you ready?) B: Yes, I am. (= Yes, I am ready.)

In comparison

• Phalla is taller than Phearom.
   (= Phalla is taller than Phearom is tall.)
• The ads attracted younger than older people.
   (= The ads attracted younger than it attracted older people.)

In sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions

• I have washed and ironed my clothes.
   (= I have washed my clothes, and I have ironed my clothes.)
• Bora likes football, Phalla volleyball, and Sopheak basketball.
   (= Bora likes football, Phalla likes volleyball, and Sopheak likes basketball.)
• Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak three.
   (= Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak has three dollars.)

In some dependent clauses

• If you clean the house today, I will tomorrow.
(= If you clean the house today, i will clean the house tomorrow.)
• I will go to the party if you will.
(= I will go to the party if you will go to the party.)

In reduced clauses

• The song sung by Preap Sovath was so popular.

(= The song which was sung by Preap Sovath was so popular. )

• The man selling the shoes is my friend.

(= The man who is selling the shoes is my friend.)

When used with "SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER"

• My sister is tall, and so do my brothers.

 (= My sister is tall, and my brothers are tall, too.)

• A : I was very sleepy last night. B : So am I.

(= A : I was very sleepy last night. B : I am hungry, too.)

"Falling short" is the latin word for ellipsis because part of their structure has been omitted.

For example,

A. Where are you going?

B. (I am going) To Ohio.

A. When are you leaving?

B. (I am leaving) Early tomorrow morning.

 "Is he coming?" "Yes." Yes may be considered as an ellipsis of yes, he is coming.

Although (they were) full, they could not resist desert (2-5).

The first use for an ellipsis is in a form of punctuation. The ellipsis mark is a series of three dots (...) to indicate that words have been omitted or one can use it so that undesirable words can be left out. For example,

"Timothy McVeigh was convicted of bombing a federal building..."

"The team...finally won a double header."

An elliptical sentence is the omission of words from a sentence that are automatically understood so do not need to be stated. For example,

A. I have gone to practice, and so has Lucy (gone to practice).

B. Sara has never been able to read maps as well as Brian (can read maps).

Elliptical sentences are used so often in writing and speech that most omissions go unnoticed. For example, a common overlooked use of an elliptical sentence is those which take a compound subject.

A. Jane and Abby just left.

B. Jane (just left) and Abby just left.

A. Scott opened the door and walked in.

B. Scott opened the door and (Scott) walked in.

Elliptical sentences are grammatically incomplete but can be easily understood from the context of the sentence.

sumber : 

 http://the-language-cru.blogspot.com/2013/05/elliptical-sentences.html

Promoting Products & Modal Auxulliaries

Promoting Products & Modal Auxilliaries

Nama : Natalia Christina
NPM  : 14210920
Kelas  : 4EA18

Inositol Powder

(Vegetarian 2 oz), NOW Foods

From $5.87 
41% Off

100% Pure Inositol is a nutrient that's considered a member of the B-vitamin family. It is found in cell membrane structures and is important for metabolism of fat and cholesterol, including removal of fat from the liver.

Modal Auxilliaries

 Modal auxiliary verbs such as will, shall, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, should, would, used to, need are used in conjunction with main verbs to express shades of time and mood. The combination of helping verbs with main verbs creates what are called verb phrases or verb strings. In the following sentence, "will have been" are helping or auxiliary verbs and "studying" is the main verb; the whole verb string is underlined:

• As of next August, I will have been studying chemistry for ten years.

Students should remember that adverbs and contracted forms are not, technically, part of the verb. In the sentence, "He has already started." the adverb already modifies the verb, but it is not really part of the verb. The same is true of the 'nt in "He hasn't started yet" (the adverb not, represented by the contracted n't, is not part of the verb, has started).
Shall, will and forms of have, do and be combine with main verbs to indicate time and voice. As auxiliaries, the verbs be, have and do can change form to indicate changes in subject and time.

• I shall go now.
• He had won the election.
• They did write that novel together.
• I am going now.
• He was winning the election.
• They have been writing that novel for a long time.

sumber :

http://www.seacoast.com/topic.php?health=contoh+promotion+product

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/auxiliary.htm

Post 1

Bahasa Inggris 2

Nama : Natalia Christina
NPM  : 14210920
Kelas  : 4EA18

1.  The Simple Past Tense and The Present Perfect
a. The simple past tense :
 The simple past tense is one of the most common tenses in English. Its form is the same with all subjects. It is usually formed by adding -ED to the verb. This page will explain the rules for forming the tense with regular verbs.  

b.The present perfect :
 The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequence.

Example :  
I was a stamp collector
I have written english lesson for 30 minutes

2. Subject Verb Agreement
 The subject and verb must agree in number: both must be singular, or both must be plural. Problems occur in the present tense because one must add an -s or -es at the end of the verb when the subjects or the entity performing the action is a singular third person: he, she, it, or words for which these pronouns could substitute. 

Example : 
One dog is sitting on the grass 
Two dogs are sitting on the grass

3.  Possesive Pronouns and Adjective Pronouns

The difference between a possessive pronoun and a possessive adjective is best understood when the definitions of each are clear. A pronoun is a term used in place of a noun: she, you, they, we, and it. An adjective is used to modify or describe a noun, or in some cases an adverb: Ugly dog, beautiful tree, tasty soup.

Noun + Possesive Pronouns
Example : 
The dog is mine 
The brown cat is hers

Possesive Adjective + Noun
Example : 
Her cat is brown
My dog is big   


4. Collective Noun

In linguistics, a collective noun is a collection of things taken as a whole. For example, in the phrase "a pride of lions", pride is a collective noun.

Most collective nouns in everyday speech, such as "group", are mundane and are not specific to a kind of object. For example, the terms "group of people", "group of dogs", and "group of ideas" are all correct uses. Others, especially words belonging to the large subset of collective nouns known as terms of venery (words for groups of animals), are specific to one kind of constituent object. 

For example, "pride" as a term of venery refers to lions, but not to dogs or cows.
Collective nouns should not be confused with mass nouns, or with the collective grammatical number.

sumber :
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_noun
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted.htm
 http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/subverag.html

Task 2

Bahasa Inggris 2
 
Name  : Natalia Christina 
NPM   : 14210920
Kelas   : 4EA18

1. Tenses

a. Past Tense  

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time. In languages which have a past tense, it thus provides a grammatical means of indicating that the event being referred to took place in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense include the English verbs sang, went and was.

Formula :Nominal form    => He/She/It + was + complement

=> You/We/They + were + complement

               Verbal form        => I/You/We/They/He/She/It + verb 2 + object/adverb

Example :  She ate mango last week.
                  They played music 2 days ago.

b. Present Tense
 The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time. The term "present tense" is usually used in descriptions of specific languages to refer to a particular grammatical form or set of forms; these may have a variety of uses, not all of which will necessarily refer to present time.

 Formula :  
Nominal form  
 => I/You/We/They + to be (am, are) + complement
 => He/She/It + to be (is) + complement 

Verbal form       
 => I/You/We/They + verb 1 + object/adverb
=> He/She/It + verb 1 + s/es + object/adverb 

Example : 
The sun rises from the east.
I usually go shopping every week.


c. Future Tense
 In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

Formula :  
Nominal form 
 => I/We + will/shall + be + complement 
=> He/She/It/They/You + will + complement 

 Verbal form
=> I/We + will/shall + verb 1 + object/adverb
=> He/She/It/They/You + will + verb 1 + object/adverb

Example : 
She will be at home tomorrow.
The shrimp will be fished by them at the dam.


2. Singular and Plural Nouns
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.
For the plural form of most nouns, add s.

• bottle – bottles
• cup – cups
• pencil – pencils
• desk – desks
• sticker – stickers
• window – windows

For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es.

• box – boxes
• watch – watches
• moss – mosses
• bus – buses

For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

• wolf – wolves
• wife – wives
• leaf – leaves
• life – lives

Some nouns have different plural forms.

• child – children
• woman – women
• man – men
• mouse – mice
• goose – geese

Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

• baby – babies
• toy – toys
• kidney – kidneys
• potato – potatoes
• memo – memos
• stereo – stereos

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

• sheep – sheep
• deer – deer
• series – series
• species – species

3. Pronoun  
Pronoun is a word or form that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form. Common pronouns include he, her, him, I, it, me, she, them, they, us, and we.

a.  Personal pronoun are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it).

Example :

·         He sing a song
·     They play football

b.   Possessive pronoun, include my, mine, our, ours, its, his, her, hers, their, theirs, your, yours, whose, and one's - all words that demonstrate ownership.

Example :

·         Yours are on the chair.

·         Their products are the best for white skin.

c.    Reflexive pronoun, a pronoun that is preceded by the noun, adjective, adverb or pronoun to which it refers (its antecedent) within the same clause. In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence.

Example :

·         Donna didn’t blame herself for the accident.

·         The students ate cookies that they cooked by themselves

Source :
http://tulisbaca.com/past-tense-bahasa-inggris/
http://tensesbahasainggris.com/present-tense
http://if19kaka.blogspot.com/2013/06/singular-and-plural-nouns.html
http://www.bintangbahasa.com/en/e_tenses5_b.html

Task 1

Bahasa Inggris 2

CERPEN

The Wolf and The Lamb

A lamb was grazing with a flock of sheep one day. She soon found some sweet grass at the edge of the field. Farther and farther she went, away from the others.

She was enjoying herself so much that she did not notice a wolf coming nearer to her. However, when it pounced on her, she was quick to start pleading, “Please, please don’t eat me yet. My stomach is full of grass. If you wait a while, I will taste much better.”

The wolf thought that was a good idea, so he sat down and waited.

After a while, the lamb said, “If you allow me to dance, the grass in my stomach will be digested faster.” Again the wolf agreed. While the lamb was dancing, she had a new idea. She said, “Please take the bell from around my neck. If you ring it as hard as you can, I will be able to dance even faster.”

The wolf took the bell and rang it as hard as he could. The shepherd heard the bell ringing and quickly sent his dogs to find the missing lamb. The barking dogs frightened the wolf away and saved the lamb’s life.

  PS: the blue is subject, the red is verb, the purple is a compliment, and the green is modifier.